In Generals Advertising
means is mass media content intended to persuade audiences of readers, viewers
or listeners to take action on products, services and ideas. The idea behind
this is to drive consumer in a particular way in regard to a product, service
or concept.
There is not a
single generally accepted definition of advertising.
Instead, there are
several ways to define it. In summary:
Advertising is the
paid, impersonal, one-way marketing of persuasive information from an
identified sponsor disseminated through channels of mass communication to
promote the adoption of goods, services or ideas. Any mass medium can deliver
advertising.
Examples:
Newspapers,
magazines, radio and television broadcasts, films, stage shows, websites, billboards,
posters, wall paintings, town criers, human billboards, flyers, rack cards, the
back of event tickets, elastic bands on disposable diapers, bathroom stall
doors,
cars, taxicabs, buses, trains, subway
platforms, bus stop benches, street furniture, airplanes, in-flight seat-back
trays, overhead bins, passenger screens, skywriting, shopping carts, stickers
on fruit in supermarkets, supermarket receipts, coffee cups, mobile phone
screens, opening billboards in streaming audio and video.
How is advertising
different from public relations?
One simple answer
is the advertiser has full control of the message all the way to the audience
while the public relations professional has control only until the message is
released to media gatekeepers who make decisions about whether to pass it on to
the audience and in what form.
In the 21st
century. advertising in uk continues
in all mass media including newspapers, magazines, radio, television,
billboards, classified advertising in print and online, in-store advertising
and websites.
Recent emphases
and innovations include:
Viral marketing
uses social networks to increase brand awareness. The technique includes
creation and placement of videos, ebooks, interactive flash games, text
messages, etc. If a message the marketer is picked up by a social medium, its
message will be received my millions.
Niche marketing is
advertising targeted to people in specific demographic categories with specific
needs and wants.
Product placement
places the brand-name of a product or service in front of an audience without a
traditional advertisement. For instance, if you are watching a movie and you
see a character drinking a Coke while using a Macintosh computer, rather than
generic products, those are the result of product placements.
Celebrity branding
uses a celebrity to endorse a product or service. It works because people pay
attention to celebrities, copying their hairstyles or their clothing styles and
admiring them for what they do. Examples are George Foreman commercials in
which he sells a grill or Britney Spears selling perfumes. There also are
celebrity voice-overs. Some celebrities have distinct, recognizable voices
which they lend through celebrity branding to a product or service.
Email advertising
is the unsolicited sending of bulk emails, sometimes called spam.
Shock advertising
disturbs the audience and offends people. It ranges beyond the usually
acceptable advertisement to make a strong point. Some shocking ads have
suggestive sexual content and nudity. It's intended to help people remember an
ad.
Interactive
advertising uses online media to drive consumers toward products, brands,
services, political groups, etc., by asking them to respond immediately
on-screen to an ad.
Embedded ads are
marketing messages placed inside non-advertising products such as video games
or news articles to steer readers to branded goods or services.
Crowdsourcing
outsources tasks to an undefined group of people in a community through an open
call. Those people most fit to solve problems, perform tasks and contribute are
gathered together to create the best solution.
Guerrilla
marketing follows unusual approaches such as staged encounters in public
places, giveaways of products such as cars that are covered with brand
messages, and interactive advertising where the viewer can respond to become
part of the advertising message.
Meta-advertising
is advertising for another advertisement. For instance, an advertiser will
advertise for viewers to watch an ad for a new product.
Contextual
advertising emphasizes contextually relevant, unobtrusive ads on a website
intended to help users. This has fed the increasing trend toward interactive
advertising. Many websites, including the search engine Google, present
contextual ads.
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